Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has emerged as a significant health burden in India, as revealed by a recent study published in The Lancet Psychiatry journal.

This neurological and developmental disorder affects how individuals interact, communicate, and behave, making it a critical public health issue.

The study, part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, places autism among the top 10 causes of non-fatal health burdens in individuals under 20 years old.

According to the findings, India recorded 708.1 cases of ASD per 100,000 people in 2021. Notably, the prevalence among males was significantly higher, with 921.4 cases per 100,000, compared to 483.7 cases per 100,000 females. Additionally, approximately 140 individuals per 100,000 in India experienced poor health and disability due to ASD in the same year.

On a global scale, the study estimated that approximately 61.8 million people, or one in every 127 individuals, were diagnosed with autism in 2021. The findings also highlighted a significant gender disparity, with the global prevalence of ASD being nearly double in males (1,065 cases per 100,000) compared to females (508 cases per 100,000).

While high-income regions in the Asia Pacific, including Japan, reported the highest global prevalence of ASD (1,560 cases per 100,000 people), areas such as Tropical Latin America and Bangladesh reported some of the lowest rates. These disparities underscore the varying global landscape of autism, which is influenced by factors such as access to healthcare, cultural attitudes, and regional differences in reporting.

The research emphasizes the urgent need for early detection of ASD and consistent support for individuals with autism, as well as their caregivers. Early intervention is crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the challenges faced by those with ASD. The study advocates for prioritizing resources for early diagnosis, particularly in regions with limited healthcare infrastructure and services.

The researchers also highlight the necessity of developing better diagnostic tools, particularly for adults with ASD and individuals in low- and middle-income countries who may face limited access to care and support. There is a growing recognition that services for individuals with ASD must be adapted to their evolving needs throughout their lives.

In addition to early diagnosis and treatment, the study calls for improving geographic data coverage to better understand the global landscape of ASD. This includes targeted interventions aimed at addressing comorbidities such as anxiety and depression. These comorbidities, often overlooked, contribute to the significant challenges faced by individuals with ASD and their families.

The study’s findings highlight the global and local disparities in ASD prevalence and outcomes, urging governments, healthcare systems, and communities to strengthen their efforts in providing early intervention, caregiver support, and comprehensive services to those affected by autism. As the number of individuals diagnosed with ASD continues to rise worldwide, addressing the needs of this population has never been more pressing.